INFINITIVES VERBALS/EYLEMSİLER
Nasıl Çevrilir = do ve mend eylemleriyle örnekler:
present progressive
to do = yapmak; yapmaya; yapmayı; yapmak için
to mend = onarmak; onarmaya; onarmayı; onarmak için
continuous infinitive
to be doing = yapıyor olmak, yapmak
to be mending = onarıyor olmak, onarmak
perfect infinitive
to have done = yapmış olmak
to have mended = onarmış olmak
perfect continuous infinitive
to have been doing = yapıyor olmak, yapmak
having been mending = onarıyor olmak, onarmak
negative infinitive
not to do = yapmamak; yapmamaya; yapmamayı
not to mend = onarmamak; onarmamaya; onarmamayi
passive infinitive
to be done = yapılmak
to be mended = onarılmak
to have been done = yapılmış olmak, yapılmak
to have been mended = onarılmış olmak, onarılmak
subject of the verb / eylemin
öznesi
Nasıl Kullanılır = 1. mastar
(grubu) + fiil (+ tümleç)
2. it + fiil + mastar (grubu)
Nasıl Çevrilir =yapmak, etmek 1. mastar (grubu) + fiil (+ tümleç)
1. Mastar (grubu) + fiil (+ tümleç)
To live in Tokyo is expensive.
Tokyo’da yaşamak pahalıdır.
To do the same thing all the time is dull.
Sürekli aynı şeyi yapmak sıkıcıdır.
To drive in the fog is dangerous.
Siste araba kullanmak tehlikelidir.
2. it + fiil + mastar (grubu)
a) it is + adjective
It’s easy to swim.
Yüzmek kolaydır.
It’s important to eat properly.
Doğru dürüst yemek yemek önemlidir.
It’s useless to prolong the delay.
Gecikmeyi uzatmak yararsızdır.
It’s very expensive to set up a home.
Ev kurmak çok pahalıdır.
It’s vital to check everything.
Her şeyi kontrol etmek çok önemlidir.
It’s not necessary to hold a consultation.
Konsültasyon yapmak gerekli değildir.
Is it hard to open that box?
O kutuyu açmak zor mu?
It isn’t worthwhile to finish that work today.
O işi bugün bitirmek zahmete değmez.
It was nice to be back among our friends again.
b) it is + adjective + for sb + infinitive (phrase)
It’s important for you to do it now.
Onu şimdi yapman önemli.
It isn’t necessary for him to buy a car.
Araba alması gerekli değil.
It’s impossible for me to see the dentist today.
Bugün dişçiyi görmem olanaksız.
Alıştırmalar
Aşağıdaki tümceleri Türkçeye çeviriniz.
It’s easy for her to take shorthand.
It’s important for them to discuss the matter now.
It’s possible for the dentist to save that tooth.
c) it is + noun + infinitive (phrase)
It was fun to get together.
Buluşmak eğlenceli oldu.
It is the duty of a doctor to care for the sick.
Hastalara bakmak bir doktorun görevidir.
Alıştırmalar
Aşağıdaki tümceleri Türkçeye çeviriniz.
Is it time to take the temperatures yet?
It’s a great convenience to have a car.
d) it + verb + infinitive (phrase)
It pays to advertise.
Reklam vermekte yarar var.
It took him two months to finish the book.
Kitabı bitirmesi iki ay sürdü.
It usually takes me about half an hour to get to work.
İşe varmam genellikle yaklaşık yarım saat sürer.
Alıştırmalar
Aşağıdaki tümceleri Türkçeye çeviriniz.
It doesn’t do to complain.
It seems advisable to do this.
It needed some courage to do that.
It took them an hour to put out the fire.
object of the verb / eylemin nesnesi
Nasıl Kullanılır = özne + fiil + to-infinitive
Nasıl Çevrilir = yapmaya, etmeye, yapmayı, etmeyi
They want to terminate the contract.
Sözleşmeyi bitirmek istiyorlar.
I hope to go back to work tomorrow.
Yarın işe dönmeyi umuyorum.
I’d prefer to stay in bed all day.
Bütün gün yatakta kalmayı tercih ederim.
I managed to find an empty seat.
Boş bir yer bulmayı başardım.
The phone rang after she had started to work.
İşe başladıktan soma telefon çaldı.
The boss doesn’t like to fire any of his employees.
Patron işçilerinden hiçbirini kovmak istemiyor.
I had nearly reached home when it began to rain.
Yağmur yağmaya başladığı zaman eve yeni gelmiştim.
Don’t forget to take the tablets every morning first thing.
İlk iş olarak her sabah bu tabletleri almayı unutma.
Alıştırmalar
Aşağıdaki tümceleri Türkçeye çeviriniz.
The dress cost so much that she couldn’t afford to buy it.
He agreed to see the woman.
The government has agreed to reduce income tax.
Would you like to spend a year travelling about the world?
He loves to read.
She prefers to go by train because it is always faster.
Nasıl Kullanılır = özne + fiil + kişi + to-infinitive
Nasıl Çevrilir = yapmamı, yapmasını, yapmalarını, vb.
I asked him to go home early.
Ondan eve erken gitmesini rica ettim.
I must ask you to withdraw your allegations.
İddialarını geri almam rica etmeliyim.
Ifl see her, shall I ask her to go with us?
Onu görürsem bizimle gelmesini rica edeyim mi?
I’d like you to come into hospital for some tests.
Bazı testler için hastaneye gelmenizi istiyorum.
I want you to look into this matter.
Meseleyi araştırmanı istiyorum.
We want you to enjoy yourselves.
Eğlenmenizi istiyoruz.
Alıştırmalar
Aşağıdaki tümceleri Türkçeye çeviriniz
I’ll ask Mary to bring her pictures.
If he lights a cigarette here, the guard will ask him to put it out.
May I ask the secretary to procure further information?
May I ask you to keep the minutes?
predicative complement of "be" / be’nin tümleci
To see is to believe.
Görmek inanmaktır.
The first step is to make a choice.
İlk adım bir seçim yapmaktır.
The greatest insult is(to ignore someone..
En büyük hakaret birini görmezlikten gelmektir.
Alıştırmalar
Aşağıdaki tümceleri Türkçeye çeviriniz.
My aim is to prevent trouble.
Her one wish is to be left in peace.
His job is to save the company money.
His purpose in life is to make friends.
His real goal is to retire at thirty.
sıfat + to-infmıtive
I’m glad to be rid of it.
Ondan kurtulduğum için memnunum.
I’m sorry to say we have no cigarettes.
Üzülerek söylüyorum ki hiç sigaramız yok.
Their house wasn’t easy to find.
Evlerini bulmak kolay olmadı.
The contents of RAM are easy to change.
RAM’in içeriği kolayca değişebilir.
The clerk was afraid to ask for more money.
Memur para istemeye korkuyordu.
David is determined to pass his examination.
David sınavım geçmeye kararlı.
Alıştırmalar
Aşağıdaki tümceleri Türkçeye çeviriniz.
I am determined to go.
You would be foolish to do so.
I am anxious to please you.
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
I am sorry to hear you have been ill.
This lake is dangerous to bathe in.
We are glad to know he is doing well.
I’m sorry to hear that your sister has died.
I am glad to see that you have recovered.
When he’s ready to go, we’ll decide on that.
You were the first to put the idea forward I’ll be glad to provide
further information.
question word + to-infinitive
Nasıl Kullanılır = 1. when/what/where/how/who + to-infinitive
2. which + isim + to-infinitive
Nasıl Çevrilir =
when to do = ne zaman yapmak gerektiği, ne zaman yapılacağı
what to do = ne yapmak gerektiği, ne yapılacağı
where to do = nerede yapmak gerektiği, nerede yapılacağı
how to do = nasıl yapmak gerektiği, nasıl yapılacağı
who to apply = kime başvurmak gerektiği, kime başvurulacağı
which to buy = hangisini satın almak gerektiği
which book to buy = hangi kitabı almak gerektiği, hangi kitabın
alınacağı
Will he learn how to swim?
Nasıl yüzüleceğim (yüzmek gerektiğini) öğrenecek mi?
I don’t know how to drive a car.
Nasıl araba kullanılacağını bilmiyorum.
I don’t know what to do at night.
Geceleyin ne yapacağımı bilmiyorum.
Have you been told when to come?
Ne zaman gelmek gerektiği size söylendi mi?
They asked where to go.
Nereye gidileceğini sordular.
The bank clerk told him where to change money.
Banka memuru ona parayı nerede değiştirebileceğini söyledi.
If you can’t make up your mind which to have, why not buy them both?
Hangisini alacağına karar veremiyorsan, ikisini de alsana.
We haven’t decided yet whether to go by train or plane.
Trenle mi yoksa uçakla mı gideceğimize henüz karar vermedik.
Alıştırmalar
Aşağıdaki tümceleri Türkçeye çeviriniz.
I don’t know which way to turn.
She couldn’t make up her mind which dress to buy. He always senses what
to do next.
He didn’t hear what to do next.
He scarcely knows what to say about it.
I won’t be told what to do by anyone.
If he had been here, he would have known what to do.
She informed him how to fill out the application.
Will he learn how to play tennis?
Have you decided who to ask for the party?
I should be so grateful if you would give me some advice about which
course to take.
isim + to-infinitive
Nasıl Çevrilir = yapacak, edecek
I have nothing to conceal.
Gizleyecek hiçbir şeyim yok.
I have a bus to catch.
Yakalayacak bir otobüsüm var.
They have no money to spend.
Harcayacak paralan yok.
The child needs someone to care for her.
Çocuğun kendisine bakacak birine ihtiyacı var.
We know someone to consult.
Akıl danışacak birini tanıyoruz.
Alıştırmalar
Aşağıdaki tümceleri Türkçeye çeviriniz.
I have work to do.
I have nothing to eat.
Has anyone anything further to say?
Have you any books to lend me?
Haven’t you got some work to do?
Will you give me some tablets to relieve the pain?
infinitive of purpose / amaç
gösteren eylemlik
Nasıl Çevrilir = -mek için, -mak için, -meye, -maya
Neyi Belirtir = amaç
We process wood pulp to make paper.
Kâğıt yapmak için kâğıt hamurunu işleriz.
A bulldozer was used to clear the road.
Yolu açmak için bir buldozer kullanıldı.
A crowd of people is at the station to greet him.
Onu selamlamak için bir insan kalabalığı istasyonda.
Fix a time to settle the matter.
Sorunu halletmek için bir vakit kararlaştırın.
He lit a fire to warm the room.
Odayı ısıtmak için ateş yaktı.
He went to get some cigarettes.
Sigara almaya gitti.
I have come to see you.
Seni görmeye geldim.
We’ll come to pick you up.
Seni almaya geleceğiz.
Alıştırmalar
Aşağıdaki tümceleri Türkçeye çeviriniz.
He bought that machine to cut down on the clerks.
He made a diagram to show us the way to go.
He came to work although he still had a fever.
He is a difficult man to deal with.
Let’s use an example to illustrate.
The old man uses a stick to help him walk.
After my visitor had gone, I went out to post a letter.
All the students assembled to sing the national anthem.
He may reach the station in time to catch the train.
He bought that machine to improve the efficiency of the office.
If I were as young as you are, I would go abroad to earn my living.
Most modern computers use secondary storage to extend memory capacity.
verb + sb + do/ doing
I felt the insect move.
Böceğin hareket ettiğini hissettim.
I felt the insect moving.
Böceğin hareket etmekte olduğunu hissettim.
We heard him sing in the bathroom.
Onun banyoda şarkı söylediğini duyduk.
We heard him singing in the bathroom.
Onu banyoda şarkı söylerken duyduk.
Did you see him doing his homework?
Onu ödevini yaparken gördün mü?
I watched them playing in the garden.
Onun bahçede oynayışını izledim.
Alıştırmalar
Aşağıdaki tümceleri Türkçeye çeviriniz.
He sensed her withdrawing from him.
Somebody saw him leave the office.
I noticed him paying the check.
Exercises
Ayraç içindeki mastarın uygun biçimini kullanın.
Example: He told me (sit) down. — > He told me to sit down.
He let me (go) home. — > He let me go home.
1. Where is he (find)?
2. There is nothing (do).
3. He made me (leave) the room.
4. He made me (to wait) a long time.
5. You need not (wait) for me.
6. You were heard (say) that.
7. He does not dare (go) alone.
8. He allowed me (go) home.
9. You don’t need (wait) for me.
10. Can you (speak) Russian?
11. Did you hear him (to leave)?
12. He dare not (go) alone.
13. He let me (go) home.
14.1 saw him (to take) the money.
15.I should like something (eat).
16. He wouldn’t let me (to come) in.
17. The tcacher let us (to leave) early.
18. No one saw him (to cross) the street.
19. Don’t let him (to touch) those things.
20. He made us (to write) the exercises in ink.
21. How long did he make you (to wait)?
22. Will you help me (to look) for the book?
Örnekteki gibi bir eylemlik yapısı kullanarak Tümceyi dönüştürünüz ve
Türkçeye çeviriniz.
I have got nothing that I can eat.
— > I have got nothing to eat.
Yiyecek hiçbir şeyim yok.
1. He’s got some letters he’s going to write.
2. They’ve got some books they’re going to read.
3. I’ve got some calls I’m going to make.
4. She’s got some books she’s going to return.
5. We’ve got some work we’re going to finish.
6. You’ve got some questions you have to answer.
7. He’s got some friends he has to visit.
8. They’ve got some lists they have to copy.
9. I’ve got an article I have to translate.
10. She’s got some shirts she has to mend.
And bağlacı ile birleştirilen cümleleri amaç gösteren mastarlar
kullanarak yeniden kurunuz.
He went and saw the doctor. — > He went to see the doctor.
1. He stopped and bought a paper.
2. She came and asked me to help her.
3.1 closed the door and stopped them from entering.
4. We drove to the station and met our friends.
5. They turned on the radio and heard the news.
6.1 ran and caught the bus.
7. She paid and went in.
8. He took his radio and had it mended.
9. She brought her watch and had it repaired.
10. She went out and did some shopping.
11. He sent his suit and had it cleaned.
12. He went to Paris and learnt French.
Örnekteki gibi, simple preseniı preseni perfect, simple pastı da yine
simple past yaparak fiil + kişi + yalın fiil dizilişinde cümleler kurunuz.
She sings well. — > I’ve never heard her sing.
They left. — > I saw them leave.
He practises a lot.
You drank it.
She went.
He ran.
She paid.
He took it.
She wrote it.
He signed it.
He speaks well
He fell.
She tries hard.
She plays well.
He practises a lot.
They played.
He reads well.
She tries hard.
Aşağıdaki cümleleri örneklerdeki gibi yalın mastarlarla yeniden kurun.
Where should I go? — > Can you tell me where to go?
1. What should I say?
2. When should I telephone?
3. How should 1 do it?
4. Who should I see?
5. How much should 1 pay?
6. Which should I take?
7. Where should I look for it?
8. When should 1 come?
9. Who should I ask for?
10. How should I boil the potatoes?
11. How should I melt butter without burning it?
12. How much salt should I add?
it geçici öznesi ile kurulan cümlelerin içine ayraç içindeki bilgileri
ekleyin.
Example: It’s necessary to buy a new car. (for me)
- > It’s necessary for me to buy a new car.
1. It’s necessary to answer this letter, (for the boss)
2. It’s important to finish his education, (for his son)
3. It’s impossible to get married right away, (for them)
4. It’s difficult to pay for a new car now. (for us)
5. It’s not easy to save money, (for the married couple)
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